Hi, welcome to all of physio's helping hand (physiogk) family members. Today we will discuss how to write the long and short answers to joint-related questions of anatomy.
Contents:-
1.Introduction
2.Anatomy previous year question related to joint
3.How to write an answer of the anatomy question
4.Shoulder joint anatomy
5.Tips for examIn anatomy, question-related to joints are frequently asked in university exams or internal exams also. If you will answer it properly you can score a good mark. So in this blog, we tried to explain how to write the answer of any joint.
Do you have any idea which type of joint-related questions come in the exam…..
Let's see first some previous years questions (WBUHS)
Shoulder joint (5 marks)
First carpometacarpal Joint (of thumb). (5 marks)
Talo calcaneo navicular joint (5 marks).
Pivot joint (5 marks).
Describes the knee joint under the following heading (3+4+3 marks). a. Bone forming the joint b. Ligament c. Movement
What type of joint is the Knee joint? Enumerate the ligaments of the knee joint. What are the movements possible in this joint? Hamstring group of muscles is responsible for which movement of this joint? (2+5+2+1 marks)
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From the above questions, you may observe
Generally, 5 Marks questions are asked in the exam.
10 marks questions are generally asked under some subheadings (Q.5 & 6).
The question that has been asked is either under some subheading or it has been said directly to explain the joint.
How to write an answer of the above question
If questions are under subheadings then we will explain according to that subheadings but if questions are like Q.1, Q2, Q3, or Q4. then we will explain questions under the following point.
Joint type
Subtype
Articular surface
Ligament
Bursa related to joint
Blood supply
Nerve supply
Movement
Muscle help in movement
Clinical problem
Here, we will explain, how to write 5 marks answer of the shoulder joint.
SHOULDER JOINT
JOINT TYPE - Synovial joint SUBTYPE- Multi-axial ball and socket type ARTICULAR SURFACE
The glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
The shoulder joint is also known as the GLENOHUMERAL ARTICULATION because of the head of the humerus articulate into the glenoid cavity. It is a Weak joint because the glenoid cavity is too small and shallow to hold the head of the humerus in place.
Note:- Must add a labeled diagram of articulating joint.
LIGAMENT
a.The capsular ligament
b.Thecoracohumeral ligament c.Transversehumeral ligament d.The glenoidal labrum e. Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
(In question may be asked to explain the ligament or may ask the only name of the ligament so answer accordingly).
You can also draw labeled diagramsbrachialfibersthe The shortfibers
Bursae Related to the Joint
The subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa The subscapularis bursa The infraspinatus bursa.
Blood supply-
Anterior circumflex humeral vessels.
Posterior circumflex humeral vessels.
Suprascapular vessels.
Subscapular vessels.
Nerve supply-
Axillary nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve Suprascapular nerve.
MOVEMENT-
Explain all movement with axis and plane for example
Flexion and Extension - Movement takes place in the sagittal plane and frontal axis
Abduction and Adduction- Frontal plane and sagittal axis.
Similarly, we will write for rotation, horizontal abduction, and adduction. You can also make a table.
Muscle Help In Movement -
We will write muscle name for each movement for example
Flexion- Deltoid anterior fibers
Extension- Posterior fiber of deltoid and
Similarly, we can write for abduction adduction, lateral and medial rotation. we can make a table as below
Movement | Axis and plane | Main Muscle | Accessory Muscles |
Flexion | Sagittal plane and frontal axis | Clavicular head of the pectoralis major Anterior fibres of deltoid | Coracobrachialis Short head of biceps brachi |
Extension | Sagittal plane and frontal axis | Posterior fibres of deltoid Latissimus dorsi | Teres major Long head of triceps brachii |
Adduction | Frontal plane and sagittal axis. | Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Short head of biceps brachii Long head of triceps brachii | Teres major . Coracobrachialis |
Abduction | Frontal plane and sagittal axis. | Serratus anterior 90'-180' Upper and lower fibres of trapezius 90"-180 | _ |
Medial rotation | Horizontal Plane and verticle axis | Pectoralis major Anterior fibres of deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major | Subscapularis |
Lateral rotation | Horizontal Plane and verticle axis | Posterior fibres of deltoid lnfraspinatus Teres minor | _ |
Clinical problem
1. Dislocation
Commonly dislocated due to its freedom of movement and instability.
The most common site of dislocation is inferior.
Cause: fall on shoulder-excessive extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
2. Subluxation
A lesser degree of displacement.
3. Fracture:
Fracture is a break in the structural continuity of a bone.
4. Shoulder tip pain-
Irritation of the diaphragm, gall stone, and pancreatitis causes referred pain in the shoulder because both the nerve arises from the C3-C4 spinal segment.
5. Frozen shoulder-
Causes pain stiffness in joint mostly causes in 40-60yrs of age.
6.Sub acromial bursitis.
TIPS TO GET EXTRA MARKS
Must add at least 2-3 labeled diagrams.
You must write clinical anatomy whether it asks in question or not.
Answer the question to the point. don't write an answer like a story or fill 6-7 pages of copy.
If possible, try to make a table like a table shown above.
How do you like this blog, must write in the comment box and also share your experience it will help us a lot.
Thank you
physio's Helping Hand
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